
The drama of Mark’s Gospel peaks in Caesarea Philippi.
It’s a religious mecca. Every major religion can be found here. Temples dot the landscape. Priests stride the streets.
Jesus and his followers are here? Why? If Jesus preached a sermon, it’s not recorded. If he performed a miracle, we don’t know it. As far as we know, all he did was ask two questions.
The first, “Who do people say that I am?”
The disciples are quick to respond. They’ve overheard the chatter. “Some say you are John the Baptist. Others say you are Elijah, and others say you are one of the prophets.”
Good answers. True answers. But wrong answers.
Jesus then turns and asks them the question. The question. “But who do you say that I am?”
He doesn’t ask, “What do you think about what I’ve done.” He asks, “Who do you say that I am.”
He doesn’t ask, “Who did you think I was when the crowds were great and the miracles were many?” He asks, “Who do you think I am. Here against the backdrop of religion. Me, a penniless itinerant surrounded by affluent temples. Who do you say I am?”
He doesn’t ask, “Who do your friends think … Who do your parents think … Who do your peers think.” He poses instead a starkly personal query, “Who do you think I am?”
The disciples aren’t as quick to respond. One ducks his eyes. Another shuffles his feet. A third clears his throat. But Peter lifts his head. He lifts his head and looks at the Nazarene and speaks the words heaven has longed to hear. “You are the Christ.”
You have been asked some important questions in your life: Will you marry me? Would you be interested in a transfer? What would you think if I told you I was pregnant?
You’ve been asked some important questions. But the grandest of them is an anthill compared to the Everest found in the eighth chapter of Mark. Who do you say that I am?[1]
ACTION—moving, doing, helping, getting going, making things happen. Some people think, some talk, but a few get involved; not content to observe from the sidelines, they get into the game—they get into life! This describes Mark and his father in the faith, Peter. And it’s the picture of Jesus that Mark presents in this Gospel.
The Gospel of Mark is the shortest of the four records of Jesus’ life, and it covers only three and a half years. On the first page, Mark jumps into the action, with John the Baptist’s fiery preaching and the beginning of Jesus’ public ministry. Then, moving swiftly through Jesus’ baptism, temptation in the desert, and call of the disciples, Mark focuses his attention on Jesus’ public ministry. He is interested in Christ’s works, not just his words. In fact, Mark records eighteen of Jesus’ miracles and only four of his parables.
Although Mark presents events in chronological order, he gives little or no historical linkage between the events. And to keep things moving and heighten the sense of action, Mark continually uses the phrase “straightway” () or “immediately.” Readers feel, “Jesus is on the move; we’d better stay alert, or we’ll miss something!”
Writing to a Roman audience, Mark does not have to recite Jesus’ genealogy or refer to Old Testament prophecies that have been fulfilled. Gentiles don’t need a Jewish history lesson; they need a clear picture of Christ. And the Romans believe in power and action. So Mark makes sure they have a no-nonsense, concise, action-packed summary. Mark pictures Jesus as powerful—giving sight to the blind, raising the dead, calming stormy seas, restoring deformed bodies. But he shows Jesus using this mighty power to help others, taking the form of a servant, not a king. Mark weaves the servant theme throughout his book and presents the servant Jesus as an example to follow: “and whoever wants to be first must be slave of all. For even the Son of Man did not come to be served, but to serve, and to give his life as a ransom for many” (10:44–45 ).
The Gospel of Mark is a short, action-packed account, bustling with life and focused on Christ’s purpose. As you study Mark, be ready for fast-paced, nonstop action, be open for God’s move into your life, and be challenged to move into your world to serve.[2]
AUTHOR
Mark (John Mark): cousin of Barnabas (Colossians 4:10) and close friend of Peter (1 Peter 5:13)
The book of Mark names no one as author. Since the second century a.d., however, church leaders and scholars have accepted John Mark as the one who wrote this Gospel. (John is his Jewish name and Mark, Marcus, his Roman name.) The early church fathers unanimously accepted Mark’s authorship. Papias (a.d. 110) makes the earliest statement to this effect:
- Mark, who was the interpreter of Peter, wrote down accurately all that he remembered, whether of sayings or doings of Christ, but not in order. For he was neither a hearer nor a companion of the Lord; but afterwards, as I have said, he accompanied Peter, who adapted his instruction as necessity required, not as though he were making a compilation of the Lord’s oracles. So then Mark made no mistake when he wrote down thus some things as he remembered them, for he concentrated on this alone—not to omit anything that he had heard, nor to include any false statement among them. (Eusebius, Ecclesiastical History III, p. 39)
Other church fathers, including Justin Martyr, Tertullian, Clement of Alexandria, Origen, and Eusebius, confirm this assessment of Mark as the author.
Mark was young, perhaps in his teens, at the time of Jesus’ death and resurrection. Evidently his mother, Mary, was a well-to-do widow who had come to faith in Christ. Many surmise that Mary’s house was the site of the Last Supper (14:12–26) and the home where the disciples gathered at Pentecost (Acts 2:1–4); some believe that Mark was the young man who ran away naked when Jesus was arrested in the Garden of Gethsemane (14:51–52). Regardless of the truth of these speculations, Scripture clearly states that fourteen years after the tumultuous events leading to the Crucifixion, in about a.d. 44, the church gathered at Mary’s house to pray. King Herod had begun to persecute believers; he had executed James, the brother of John, and was holding Peter in prison. The church was praying for Peter’s release. Luke explains that after Peter had been miraculously released from prison, “he went to the house of Mary the mother of John, also called Mark” (Acts 12:12 ). Mark was deeply involved in the drama of the Jerusalem church and was well-known to Peter and the other disciples.
In Colossians 4:10, Paul reveals that Mark is the cousin of Barnabas. Perhaps that is what motivated Barnabas and Paul to take Mark with them back to Antioch from Jerusalem (Acts 12:25). Soon thereafter, Barnabas and Paul were commissioned by the church in Antioch to begin their first missionary journey (Acts 13:1–3), and they included Mark as their helper (Acts 13:5). Early in the trip, however, at Perga, Mark abruptly left and returned to Jerusalem (Acts 13:13). Luke gives no reason for Mark’s departure (perhaps he was homesick, fearful, or ill). Later, however, when Paul and Barnabas began to plan the second journey, Mark became the cause of a sharp disagreement between the two men. Barnabas wanted to include Mark again, but Paul was strongly opposed because Mark had “deserted” them on the previous trip. So Barnabas and Paul parted company. Barnabas sailed to Cyprus with Mark, while Paul chose Silas and traveled to Syria and Cilicia (Acts 15:36–41).
We know little else about John Mark. Evidently, he and Paul reconciled completely because later he joined Paul in Rome, during Paul’s first imprisonment (a.d. 60–62) and was a comfort to him there (Colossians 4:10–11; Philemon 24). During Paul’s second imprisonment and just before his death, he asked Timothy to bring Mark to Rome, “because he is helpful to me in my ministry” (2 Timothy 4:11 ). Mark must have matured emotionally and spiritually through the years and under the mentoring of cousin Barnabas.
Mark also enjoyed a very close relationship with Peter. In fact, Peter may have led Mark to Christ because he calls Mark “my son” (1 Peter 5:13). After Paul’s release from prison in a.d. 62, Mark may have stayed in Rome (also called “Babylon”—1 Peter 5:13) to work closely with Peter. Mark probably left Rome in about a.d. 65 or 66, during Nero’s intense persecution. Both Paul and Peter were executed by Nero in about a.d. 67 or 68. According to tradition, Mark died soon after.
John Mark provides a sterling example of how a young Christian can grow and mature. Perhaps basking in the attention of the spiritual giants Paul and Barnabas, and excited by the prospect of reaching the world with the gospel, he had sailed to Cyprus on the first missionary journey. A short time later, however, when the going got tough, Mark returned home. Whatever Mark’s reason for leaving, Paul didn’t approve; in fact, he wanted nothing to do with Mark after the incident. Yet fifteen years later, Mark was serving as a ministry companion to both Peter and Paul, and later he wrote the Gospel bearing his name. Little is known about Mark during those years, except that Barnabas took personal interest in him, encouraging Mark by continuing to work with him in ministry.
Do you know any “Marks”—young, Christian diamonds in the rough? What can you do to be their “Barnabas”?
Four scenes from his life emerge from the sacred records.
Scene I: He appears in Acts 12:12 as the son, perhaps the only son, of Barnabas’ sister Mary, whose commodious house was a gathering place for the church in Jerusalem. To this place Peter went to greet the assembled Christians who were praying when he was released from prison by an angel. The size of the house with a courtyard and gate, together with the appearance of a servant girl named Rhoda, indicates the wealth and influence of the home. If the young man (Mark 14:51) who fled leaving his linen garment behind was Mark (the same being most probable), his type of clothing would also fit in with the affluence suggested by the residence. All in all, the scene is one of honor, influence, tranquillity, and faith, Barnabas being one of the most distinguished leaders in the early church.
Scene II: Desertion from the mission field. Mark accompanied Barnabas and Saul on the first missionary journey and shared in the successful advocacy of the gospel throughout Cyprus (Acts 12:25), but he abruptly quit the mission at Perga in Pamphylia (Acts 13:13; 15:38). There is no way to tell if: (a) he was merely homesick, (b) upset by the ascendancy of Paul over his uncle Barnabas, (c) intimidated by the audacity and scope of Paul’s plans which obviously included the whole world, or (d) discouraged by the trials and hardships of missionary life. One thing is absolutely certain: he did not turn back “because he objected to the offer of salvation to the Gentiles on condition of faith alone”![1] It is a fact known to all men that Paul never offered salvation to any person on condition of faith alone. Mark’s turning back resulted in a rift between Paul and Barnabas, a division, however, which was later healed.
Scene III: Back in Jerusalem. The old ways, however, had lost their charm for Mark. As soon as another missionary journey was planned, he was ready to go (Acts 15:37); but Paul’s confidence had been shaken, and he was unwilling to have him in the company. Like many another who turns back from a post of honor, Mark found the road back difficult; but he remained faithful.
Scene IV: Restoration. Eleven years later, John Mark was with Paul in Rome (Col. 4:10f; Philemon 1:24). The breach had been healed. He was one of the faithful who stood by Paul, an honored “fellow worker” and a “comfort” to the great apostle to the Gentiles. It appears that Paul may have sent him on a mission to Asia Minor where he met Peter in Babylon (1 Peter 5:13). The final glory of John Mark, aside from the “crown of life” laid up for all who love the Lord’s appearing, consisted of two things: (1) Paul’s last letter pleaded for Mark’s companionship (2 Tim. 4:11), and (2) when the Holy Spirit chose an author of the gospel of Jesus Christ the Son of God, Mark’s name, save one alone, led all the rest.
That John Mark was indeed the author of the second Gospel may not be doubted. Cranfield declared that: We may take it as virtually certain that the Mark who is the associate of Peter and the author of the Gospel and the Mark of Acts and the Pauline epistles are one and the same person.[2]
Albert Barnes opened his mouth even wider, affirming that: The uniform testimony of the fathers is that Mark was the interpreter of Peter, and that he wrote this Gospel under the eye of Peter and with his approbation. It has come down to us with the sanction of Peter’s authority. Its right to a place among the inspired books has never been questioned. That it was written by Mark, that it was with Peter’s approbation, that it was a record of the facts which Peter stated in his ministry, and that it was therefore an inspired book, has never been questioned.[3][3]
[1] Max Lucado, Life Lessons from the Inspired Word of God: Book of Mark, Inspirational Bible Study Series (Dallas, TX: Word Pub., 1997), 7–10.
[2] Bruce B. Barton, Mark, Life Application Bible Commentary (Wheaton, IL: Tyndale House Publishers, 1994), x–xii.
1 ISBE, Vol. III, p. 1987.
2 C. E. B. Cranfield, The Gospel according to St. Mark (Cambridge Uersity Press, 1966), p. 6.
3 Albert Barnes, Notes on the New Testament (Grand Rapids, Michigan: Baker Book House, 1955), Matthew and Mark, p. 328.
[3] James B. Coffman, Commentary on Mark, The James Burton Coffman Commentaries (A. C. U. Press, 1984), Mk.












